Computer Science Glossary
Computer Science
Hello, my name is Anila Aman Ali. I have been studying Computer science for two years at Cegep Montmorency, specializing me Network Management. A Cegep is an educational institution between high school and university, and it is only present in the province of Quebec, Canada. My glossary contains vocabulary related to my field and has the goal of helping future students who may have difficulties with the terms used in Network Management.
- algorithm
- noun
- A process or set of rules to be followed in calculations or other problem-solving operations, especially by a computer.
- Example: We designed a new algorithm to improve the search.
- fr: algorithme
- bandwidth
- noun
- The maximum amount of data transmitted over an internet connection in a given amount of time.
- Example: Bandwidth is often misunderstood as a measure of network speed.
- fr: bande passante
- bugs
- noun
- A bug is an unexpected problem with software or hardware.
- Example: The program has bugs.
- fr: bogues
- decryption
- noun
- The conversion of encrypted data into its original form.
- Example: The security team used decryption techniques to analyze the encrypted network traffic and detect potential threats.
- fr: décryptage
- DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
- noun
- Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a client/server protocol that automatically provides an Internet Protocol (IP) host with its IP address and other related configuration information such as the subnet mask and default gateway.
- Example: With DHCP, this entire process is automated and managed centrally.
- fr: DHCP (protocole de configuration dynamique de l'hôte)
- encryption
- noun
- The process of converting information or data into a code, especially to prevent unauthorized access.
- Example: I use encryption to protect sensitive information transmitted online.
- fr: cryptage
- firewall
- noun
- A part of a computer system or network which is designed to block unauthorized access while permitting outward communication.
- Example: A FIREWALL controls only the traffic passing through it therefore is not able to protect internal resources from inside users.
- fr: pare-feu
- IP address
- noun
- A unique string of characters that identifies each computer using the Internet Protocol to communicate over a network.
- Example: My IP address is 192.168.1.1.
- fr: adresse IP
- MAC address
- noun
- A MAC address (media access control address) is a 12-digit hexadecimal number assigned to each device connected to the network.
- Example: The MAC address is often found on a device's network interface card (NIC).
- fr: adresse MAC
- network
- noun
- A network consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share resources (such as printers and CDs), exchange files, or allow electronic communications.
- Example: The simplest form of a network is a peer-to-peer network.
- fr: réseau
- packet
- noun
- A block of data transmitted across a network.
- Example: Some computers and networks do not use packets to communicate.
- fr: paquet
- ping
- noun
- Ping (latency is the technically more correct term) means the time it takes for a small data set to be transmitted from your device to a server on the Internet and back to your device again.
- Example: The ping time is measured in milliseconds (ms).
- fr: ping
- router
- noun
- A router is a computer and networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks, including internetworks such as the global Internet.
- Example: A router is connected to two or more data lines from different IP networks.
- fr: routeur
- security
- noun
- Computer security basically is the protection of computer systems and information from harm, theft, and unauthorized use.
- Example: The company implemented strong security protocols to protect sensitive data from unauthorized access over the network.
- fr: sécurité
- server
- noun
- A computer or computer program which manages access to a centralized resource or service in a network.
- Example: The server is offline.
- fr: serveur
- subnet
- noun
- A subnet or subnetwork is a smaller network inside a large network.
- Example: Computers that belong to the same subnet are addressed with an identical group of its most-significant bits of their IP addresses.
- fr: sous-réseau
- switch
- noun
- A switch connects multiple devices to create a network.
- Example: The network administrator configured the switch to efficiently direct traffic between devices in the local area network (LAN).
- fr: commutateur
- topology
- noun
- Network topology refers to the arrangement of various devices such as computers, routers, switches, and connections on a computer network.
- Example: There are two main types of topology: physical and logical.
- fr: topologie
- virtual machine
- noun
- A computer system created using software on one physical computer in order to emulate the functionality of another separate physical computer.
- Example: A virtual machine allows users to run multiple operating systems on a single physical computer.
- fr: machine virtuelle
- virus
- noun
- A piece of code that is capable of copying itself and typically has a detrimental effect, such as corrupting the system or destroying data.
- Example: A virus might corrupt or delete data on a computer.
- fr: virus